The second edition of the textbook was prepared in accordance with the curriculum in uro logy for students of medical universities. It includes modern methods of diagnostics and treatment of urological diseases, and the newest methods for the examination of a urological patient are thoroughly discussed. Several chapters have been revised and enlarged. In treatment issues, the focus is made on surgeries that are most widely used in clinical urology; special attention is paid to high technology and minimally invasive methods. The textbook is illustrated with photographs, X-rays, sonograms, endoscopic images and fi gures of surgery stages.This edition is intended for students of medical higher educational institutions, clinical post-graduate students and general practitioners.